VEGF Receptor Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension: Emerging Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Area of Science:

• Cardio-oncology
• Cancer Therapeutics
• Hypertension Research

Background:

• Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRis) are vital cancer treatments.
• VEGFRis frequently induce hypertension, a dose-limiting side effect impacting patient survival and cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent molecular mechanisms and clinical findings in VEGFRi-induced hypertension.
• To inform the management of hypertension in cancer patients receiving VEGFRis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on VEGFRi-induced hypertension.
• Analysis of molecular pathways and clinical data.

Main Results:

• New insights into endothelial dysfunction, including nitric oxide, oxidative stress, endothelin, and prostaglandin balance.
• Exploration of microparticles, vascular smooth muscle cells, stiffness, and rarefaction in hypertension development.
• Identification of potential genetic risk factors and the link between VEGFRi-hypertension and antitumor efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing VEGFRi-induced hypertension.
• Advances impact the development of cardio-oncology services.
• Future management strategies will integrate these findings for improved patient outcomes.