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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
468

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Evaluating the Modified-Shortened Token Test as a Working Memory and Language Assessment Tool.

Theresa Pham1, Taylor E Bardell1, Meghan Vollebregt1

  • 1School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

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Summary

A modified Token Test can help clinicians assess children's verbal working memory and language skills. Performance differences reveal specific strengths and weaknesses in these crucial areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Child language development
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Clinical linguistics

Background:

  • Working memory and linguistic knowledge are closely linked in language processing.
  • Verbal working memory is a key factor influencing language performance.
  • A clinical tool is needed to evaluate children's working memory and language abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the Token Test can differentiate between verbal working memory and linguistic knowledge.
  • To assess the Token Test's utility in clinical settings for understanding language performance.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: 257 children (4-7 years) completed a Modified-Shortened Token Test with varying command length and complexity.
  • Experiment 2: 24 kindergarteners completed the Modified-Shortened Token Test alongside other memory and language assessments.

Main Results:

  • Factor analysis identified three constructs: verbal working memory, linguistic ability, and attention.
  • Sentence recall and formulation correlated with the Token Test's working memory demands.
  • Following directions and word structure correlated with the Token Test's linguistic factor.

Conclusions:

  • The modified Token Test shows promise as a clinical tool for evaluating language performance.
  • Differential performance on the Token Test can indicate specific verbal working memory and linguistic knowledge abilities.