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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing
Published on: January 11, 2013
Effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs in the hippocampus
Yolanda Diz-Chaves1, Salvador Herrera-Pérez2, Lucas C González-Matías1
1Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Abstract:
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a pleiotropic hormone very well known for its incretin effect in the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the brain, and it displays critical roles in neuroprotection by activating the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways. GLP-1 enhances learning and memory in the hippocampus, promotes neurogenesis, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, modulates reward behavior, and reduces food intake. Its pharmacokinetics have been improved to enhance the peptide's half-life, enhancing exposure and time of action. The GLP-1 agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and clinical evaluation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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