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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
343

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Imaging in the study of macrocephaly: Why?, when?, how?

V Schonstedt Geldres1, X Stecher Guzmán2, C Manterola Mordojovich3

  • 1Departamento de Imágenes de Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

Radiologia
|February 19, 2022
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Summary

Macrocephaly, a large head circumference, affects 5% of children. Imaging is crucial for identifying serious causes, guiding treatment, and avoiding unnecessary tests in benign cases.

Keywords:
ChildrenComputed tomographyEcografía transfontanelarHidrocefaliaHydrocephalusMacrocefaliaMacrocephalyMagnetic resonance imagingMegaencephalyMegalencefaliaNiñosResonancia magnéticaTomografía computarizadaTransfontanellar ultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Radiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Macrocephaly, defined as an occipitofrontal circumference >2 standard deviations above the mean, is observed in 5% of children.
  • While most macrocephaly cases are benign, some indicate serious conditions requiring prompt medical or surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of imaging studies in diagnosing the cause of macrocephaly.
  • To identify clinical indicators that predict the need for medical or surgical treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and imaging studies in children presenting with macrocephaly.
  • Correlation of clinical findings (neurologic alterations, neurocutaneous stigmata, developmental delay, rapid circumference increase, parental macrocephaly) with imaging results and diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • Children with neurologic alterations, neurocutaneous stigmata, delayed development, or rapid head circumference growth have a higher likelihood of underlying disease.
  • Parental macrocephaly is a strong predictor of a benign condition.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging studies are essential for identifying children with macrocephaly who require treatment.
  • Selective use of imaging in high-risk patients optimizes resource allocation and minimizes unnecessary patient exposure to tests.