Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults
Published on: February 12, 2020
Escape from prism
Michael C Brodsky1, Bryce J Aul2, David J Daniels3
1Department of Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Abstract:
A 14-year-old boy with a history of shunted congenital hydrocephalus began having headaches with nausea and vomiting after transcontinental flights. He gradually developed horizontal diplopia indicative of mild bilateral sixth nerve palsy, without papilledema or ventriculomegaly. Intracranial pressure monitoring showed no signs of elevation. After he subsequently developed papilledema, surgical exploration showed shunt malfunction, and shunt replacement produced rapid resolution of symptoms. This case demonstrates the importance of relying on clinical history and neuro-ophthalmologic examination in patients with hydrocephalus and suspected shunt failure, even when objective confirmatory evidence of intracranial pressure elevation is lacking.
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