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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
09:45

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

Published on: January 29, 2018

9.5K

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 impairs sumoylation.

Bilgül Mete1, Emre Pekbilir2, Bilge Nur Bilge3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Life Science Alliance
|February 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) impairs cellular sumoylation, a key process for immune function, by targeting the SUMO E1 enzyme. This disruption may contribute to immune deterioration in HIV-infected individuals.

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Protein Purification Technique that Allows Detection of Sumoylation and Ubiquitination of Budding Yeast Kinetochore Proteins Ndc10 and Ndc80
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Analysis of SAMHD1 Restriction by Flow Cytometry in Human Myeloid U937 Cells
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Analysis of SAMHD1 Restriction by Flow Cytometry in Human Myeloid U937 Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) manipulates host cell processes for replication and immune evasion.
  • Sumoylation is a crucial post-translational modification regulating cellular activities, including anti-viral immunity.
  • Viruses often target host sumoylation pathways to disarm immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether HIV-1 affects cellular sumoylation.
  • To identify the specific mechanisms by which HIV-1 might interfere with sumoylation.
  • To determine the impact of HIV-1 infection on sumoylation levels in patients.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing sumoylation levels in HEK293 cells and CD4+ Jurkat T lymphocytes expressing HIV-1.
  • Quantifying protein levels of UBA2, a subunit of the SUMO E1-activating enzyme.
  • Measuring total leukocyte sumoylation in HIV-1-infected individuals.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 expression significantly diminishes sumoylation mediated by both SUMO1 and SUMO2/3.
  • HIV-1 infection leads to a specific and substantial decrease in UBA2 protein levels.
  • HIV-1-infected individuals exhibit reduced leukocyte sumoylation, independent of cytopenia.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-1 actively impairs cellular sumoylation by targeting the SUMO E1-activating enzyme (UBA2).
  • The reduction in sumoylation may compromise immune function, T-cell activity, and expansion.
  • Loss of sumoylation during HIV disease could be a contributing factor to immune system deterioration.