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Intermediate stable states in substance use.

Sacha Epskamp1, Han L J van der Maas2, Roseann E Peterson3

  • 1University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods Program Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Amsterdam, Centre for Urban Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Addictive Behaviors
|February 19, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many people maintain stable moderate substance use, even with diagnoses of abuse or dependency. This challenges the traditional two-state model, highlighting stable moderate use as a key area for intervention.

Keywords:
AlcoholCannabisMarijuanaSubstance useTobaccoTransition modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Substance use disorders
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Many individuals use potentially addictive substances, but not all progress to heavy use or dependence.
  • Evidence suggests some substances are used moderately over extended periods.
  • Understanding different substance use patterns is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically examine the stability and transitions between three substance use states: zero-use, moderate use, and heavy use.
  • To investigate these patterns for alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis in large datasets from the US and the Netherlands.
  • To assess the implications of a three-state model versus a traditional two-state model.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two large-scale datasets from the US and the Netherlands.
  • Longitudinal examination of yearly substance usage and changes.
  • Focus on alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use patterns.

Main Results:

  • Stable moderate use states were identified for alcohol and cannabis, persisting even after meeting criteria for substance abuse or dependency.
  • Moderate use of tobacco was found to be rare.
  • Results are accessible via an interactive tool for further exploration.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing a stable moderate use state is important for modeling substance use.
  • The moderate use state can serve as an intervention target.
  • It may also function as a transitional phase between zero use and heavy use, influencing addiction pathways.