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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

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Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Multimodality imaging for prosthetic valves evaluation: Current understanding and future directions.

Selma Carlson1, Gilbert Habib2, Tiffany Chen3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|February 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

As prosthetic heart valve (PHV) issues rise, multimodality imaging aids diagnosis. This review details advanced imaging techniques for assessing PHV dysfunction and guiding clinical decisions.

Keywords:
Hypoattenuating leaflet thickeningInfective endocarditisMultimodality imagingPannusParavalvular leakParavalvular lesionsPatient prosthesis mismatchProsthetic heart valvesProsthetic valve dysfunctionProsthetic valve regurgitationProsthetic valve stenosisReduced leaflet motionValve replacementValvular degenerationValvular dehiscenceValvular thrombusVegetation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Increasing life expectancy and valve replacements drive demand for prosthetic heart valve (PHV) care.
  • Transthoracic echocardiography is standard for initial PHV assessment and monitoring.
  • PHV dysfunction diagnosis often requires advanced imaging beyond standard echocardiography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of multimodality imaging for PHV evaluation.
  • To illustrate imaging findings of various PHV complications.
  • To present a practical approach for managing complex PHV dysfunction cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on multimodality imaging in PHV assessment.
  • Inclusion of various imaging modalities: 3D transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac CT, cardiac MRI, fluoroscopy, and nuclear imaging.
  • Focus on diagnostic capabilities and clinical decision-making support.

Main Results:

  • Multimodality imaging offers comprehensive assessment of PHV function and dysfunction.
  • Specific imaging features help differentiate various complications like stenosis, regurgitation, and pannus formation.
  • Integrated imaging approaches enhance diagnostic accuracy in challenging cases.

Conclusions:

  • Multimodality imaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of PHV dysfunction.
  • A systematic approach utilizing various imaging techniques improves patient outcomes.
  • Further research can refine imaging protocols for optimal PHV surveillance.