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Surgical therapy in osteoarthritis.

¹Institute of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

|February 20, 2022

Summary

Total joint arthroplasty is the established surgical option for end-stage osteoarthritis (OA), offering pain relief and functional improvement. Early surgical interventions to prevent OA have limited long-term evidence.

Keywords:

Cartilage Cartilage repair Focal cartilage defects High tibial osteotomy Hip and knee arthroplasty Osteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Rheumatology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease requiring effective management strategies.
Surgical interventions are considered for both end-stage disease and potentially earlier stages to prevent progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an evidence-based overview of surgical procedures for osteoarthritis.
To evaluate surgical options for severe OA and those aimed at delaying OA development.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of surgical therapies for osteoarthritis.
Analysis of evidence supporting joint arthroplasty and joint-preserving procedures.

Main Results:

Total joint arthroplasty (hip and knee) is a highly successful, established treatment for end-stage OA, improving pain, function, and quality of life.
Surgical options to postpone OA, such as osteotomies and cartilage repair, address pre-osteoarthritic deformities but have less robust long-term evidence for preventing OA development.

Conclusions:

Total joint arthroplasty remains the gold standard for severe OA.
Further research is needed to establish the long-term efficacy of reparative procedures in reducing OA development.