Approach to the Patient With Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Lipidology

Background:

• Hypertriglyceridemia is a prevalent lipid disorder.
• Elevated plasma triglycerides indicate increased levels within chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein particles.
• A fasting triglyceride level below 150 mg/dL is considered normal, but guidelines for management vary.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide stepwise recommendations for diagnosing and managing moderate hypertriglyceridemia.
• To address the increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk associated with moderate hypertriglyceridemia.
• To guide clinical practice based on common patient scenarios.

Main Methods:

• Reviewing current guidelines and clinical practice for hypertriglyceridemia management.
• Classifying hypertriglyceridemia into mild, moderate, and severe categories.
• Outlining diagnostic steps focusing on secondary causes like diabetes mellitus.

Main Results:

• Moderate hypertriglyceridemia (200–500 mg/dL) elevates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.
• Management strategies involve identifying and addressing secondary causes.
• Treatment includes lifestyle modifications (weight loss, reduced alcohol intake) and pharmacotherapies (statins, non-statins).

Conclusions:

• Effective management of moderate hypertriglyceridemia requires a stepwise approach.
• Addressing underlying etiologies and patient-specific factors is key.
• A combination of lifestyle changes and targeted therapies can mitigate cardiovascular risk.