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Published on: October 15, 2021
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Hypertensive primary intraventricular hemorrhage: a systematic review
Luis A Robles1, Victor Volovici2
1Section of Neurosurgery, Hospital Joya, Av. Francisco Medina Ascencio 2760, CP 48333, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. larob@prodigy.net.mx.
Neurosurgical Review
|February 20, 2022
Summary
Hypertension is the leading cause of primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH), an uncommon brain bleed. This study details characteristics of PIVH specifically linked to high blood pressure, differentiating it from bleeds caused by vascular issues.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neurosurgery
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a subtype of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) without parenchymal bleeding.
- PIVH is often linked to vascular anomalies, trauma, or coagulation disorders.
- Hypertension is traditionally considered a risk factor, but PIVH specifically due to hypertension is under-described.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and describe the specific characteristics of primary intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to hypertension.
- To delineate diagnostic criteria for hypertensive PIVH.
- To identify factors influencing prognosis in hypertensive PIVH.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of PubMed and Scopus databases following PRISMA guidelines.
- Inclusion of retrospective case series reporting on hypertensive PIVH.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria including elevated blood pressure, negative cerebral angiography for anomalies, and exclusion of other hemorrhage causes.
Main Results:
- Hypertension identified as the most frequent cause of PIVH.
- Vascular anomalies are the second most common cause.
- Poor prognosis associated with low Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), advanced age, hydrocephalus, and extensive intraventricular bleeding.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension is the predominant etiology for PIVH.
- Hypertension can be a direct cause or a predisposing factor for PIVH.
- Clear diagnostic criteria and prognostic indicators for hypertensive PIVH are essential.
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