[Current status and progress of precision nutritional weight management guided by single nucleotide polymorphism]

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Personalized Medicine
• Nutritional Science and Public Health

Background:

• Rising global obesity rates necessitate effective weight loss interventions.
• Current diet and lifestyle interventions show variable efficacy due to individual genetic and environmental factors.
• Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with weight loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in weight loss.
• To explore gene-environment interactions, particularly concerning diet and weight management.
• To summarize advanced analytical approaches for personalized weight loss strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying weight-loss-related SNPs.
• Analysis of gene-environment interactions, including diet and gut microbiota.
• Evaluation of multi-locus analysis methods like genetic risk scores and machine learning models.

Main Results:

• Numerous SNPs influencing weight loss outcomes have been identified through GWAS.
• Significant interactions exist between genetic loci, dietary patterns, and the gut microbiome affecting weight loss.
• Predictive models integrating genetic and environmental data show promise for personalized interventions.

Conclusions:

• Understanding genetic predispositions and gene-environment interactions is crucial for optimizing weight loss.
• Genetic risk scores and machine learning offer powerful tools for precision nutrition in medical weight loss.
• Further research in this area will advance personalized strategies for combating obesity.