Small but powerful: will nanoparticles be the future state-of-the-art therapy for IBD?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract particularly affecting the colon and the ileum. IBD patients can have a very poor quality of life because of the limited therapeutic efficacy and accompanied adverse effects.

The potential ways to employ nanoparticles to deliver drugs to a certain site of inflammation are discussed. The focus was set on the microenvironment in the gut as well as the mucosa, epithelial layer and the microbiota. Moreover, experimental animal colitis models were nanoparticles were used as a potential treatment are presented. Lastly, challenges for the potential clinical use in humans are discussed.

Although there still remain many open questions e.g. regarding the toxicity, the metabolism or the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles further research on this topic could overcome these challenges. For example, instead of synthetically engineered particles, biodegradable components could be used. Since there have been a lot pf promising results in the recent years, we are sure that in the future nanoparticles will be developed in a way to ensure safe and targeted delivery of drugs to the site of inflammation.