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Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
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The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome

Elham Ahmadian1, Yalda Rahbar Saadat1, Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia2

  • 1Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Mediators of Inflammation
|February 21, 2022
PubMed

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is an important primary glomerular disease characterized by severe proteinuria. Evidence supports a role for T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of INS. Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for INS; however, steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients are at a higher risk of drug-induced side effects and harbor poor prognosis. Although the exact mechanism of the resistance is unknown, the imbalances of T helper subtype 1 (Th1), Th2, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid responsiveness. Up to now, no confirmed biomarkers have been able to predict SRNS; however, a panel of cytokines may predict responsiveness and identify SRNS patients. Thus, the introduction of distinctive cytokines as novel biomarkers of SRNS enables both preventions of drug-related toxicity and earlier switch to more effective therapies. This review highlights the impacts of T cell population imbalances and their downstream cytokines on response to glucocorticoid responsiveness state in INS.

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