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Are Bacterial Persisters Dormant Cells Only?

Jin Zou1,2, Bo Peng3,4, Jiuxin Qu1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial persisters, tolerant cells causing antibiotic failure, include dormant and non-dormant types. This review highlights cell wall deficient bacteria (CWDB) as a key factor in bacterial persistence.

Keywords:
L-formcell wall deficient bacteriadormancypersisterspheroplast

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Bacterial persisters are phenotypic variants tolerating antibiotics, leading to treatment failure and recurrent infections.
  • Mechanisms include cell dormancy (toxin/antitoxin, (p)ppGpp, SOS response, ATP levels).
  • Active metabolism and efflux pumps also contribute by reducing intracellular antibiotic levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various types of bacterial persisters.
  • To highlight the role of non-walled bacteria in persistence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacterial persistence.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including dormancy, active metabolism, and cell wall deficiency.

Main Results:

  • Persistence involves both dormant and metabolically active persisters.
  • Cell wall deficient bacteria (CWDB), such as L-forms and spheroplasts, are associated with antibiotic persistence.
  • CWDB are not dormant; their persistence is linked to cell wall damage.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial persistence is a complex phenomenon with diverse mechanisms.
  • Non-walled bacteria represent a significant, underappreciated contributor to antibiotic persistence.
  • Understanding CWDB is crucial for developing effective strategies against persistent infections.