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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions01:19

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Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Biochemical changes in patients during hypothyroid phase after thyroidectomy.

Ghusoon Al-Janabi1, Hayder Neamah Hassan2, Ali Al-Fahham3

  • 1Clinical Laboratories Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Karbala University, Kerbala, Iraq.

Journal of Medicine and Life
|February 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy significantly impacts lipid profiles and liver function. Post-surgery patients showed elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and liver enzymes, indicating secondary hyperlipidemia and dysfunction.

Keywords:
hypothyroidismlipid profileliver enzymesthyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is a common sequela of total thyroidectomy.
  • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism and liver function.
  • Understanding the impact of post-thyroidectomy hypothyroidism on these systems is clinically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the lipid profile in patients with hypothyroidism following total thyroidectomy.
  • To assess liver function, specifically liver enzymes, in the same patient cohort.
  • To investigate the correlation between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and lipid/liver parameters.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 60 patients post-thyroidectomy and 30 healthy controls.
  • Measurement of lipid profile parameters: total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
  • Assay of liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Main Results:

  • Patients with hypothyroidism exhibited significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, TG, LDL, AST, and ALT compared to controls.
  • A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed in the hypothyroid group.
  • A strong positive correlation was found between elevated TSH levels and adverse changes in lipid profiles and liver enzymes.

Conclusions:

  • Post-thyroidectomy hypothyroidism leads to significant disturbances in lipid metabolism, resulting in secondary hyperlipidemia.
  • Liver function is impaired in hypothyroid patients post-thyroidectomy, evidenced by altered liver enzyme levels.
  • Monitoring lipid profiles and liver function is essential in patients with hypothyroidism following thyroidectomy.