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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...

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FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
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Nanostructures in non-invasive prenatal genetic screening.

Samira Sadeghi1, Mahdi Rahaie1, Bita Ostad-Hasanzadeh1

  • 1Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, 14399-57131 Tehran, Iran.

Biomedical Engineering Letters
|February 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) offers a safer alternative to traditional methods, detecting fetal health issues early. Advances in nanotechnology enhance NIPS accuracy and speed, improving outcomes for mother and child.

Keywords:
Cell-free fetal DNADiagnosticsFetal biomarkersNanobiosensorNanoparticleNon-invasive prenatal screening

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prenatal screening is crucial for maternal and fetal health, aiming to prevent birth defects and associated costs.
  • Traditional screening methods pose risks like abortion and delayed results, necessitating advanced techniques.
  • Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) utilizes fetal biomarkers in maternal serum, reducing the need for invasive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current non-invasive prenatal screening tests, detailing their specifications and limitations.
  • To introduce novel nanoparticle-aided detection methods for enhanced prenatal screening.
  • To explore the potential of nanotechnology in advancing NIPS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fetal cell-free DNA, proteome, and RNA in maternal serum.
  • Application of nanobiosensors and nanoparticles for biomarker detection.
  • Review of existing literature on non-invasive prenatal screening technologies.

Main Results:

  • Nanotechnology integration optimizes NIPS, leading to more accurate, specific, and sensitive tests.
  • Nanoparticle-aided detection promises rapid, reliable, and cost-effective screening solutions.
  • Current NIPS methods show promise but have limitations that advanced strategies aim to overcome.

Conclusions:

  • Non-invasive prenatal screening, particularly with nanotechnology, represents a significant advancement in prenatal diagnostics.
  • Further research into nanoparticle-based detection can revolutionize prenatal screening, offering improved accuracy and efficiency.
  • These advancements hold the potential for widespread clinical application, benefiting maternal and child health globally.