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Amblyopia screening for first and second-grade children in Jordan.

Khalil M Al-Salem1, Mohammad S Saleem1, Ismat Ereifej2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Mutah University, Al-Karak 11183, Jordan.

International Journal of Ophthalmology
|February 21, 2022
PubMed
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A national screening found 2.78% of Jordanian school children have amblyopia, often due to hypermetropia. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing vision impairment in children.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Amblyopia, or 'lazy eye', affects visual development in children.
  • Early detection and intervention are critical for successful treatment.
  • National screening programs are essential for identifying at-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the findings of a nationwide amblyopia screening program in school-aged children in northern Jordan.
  • To determine the prevalence and causes of amblyopia in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective national screening of 17,203 first and second-grade students (ages 6-7).
  • Eye examinations included visual acuity, cover-uncover test, and cycloplegic retinoscopy.
  • Amblyopia defined by best-corrected visual acuity differences or thresholds.
Keywords:
Jordanamblyopiacommunity ophthalmologypediatric ophthalmologypopulation-based studyscreeningscreening program

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Main Results:

  • The prevalence of amblyopia was 2.78% (479 children).
  • Hypermetropia was the leading cause (64.45%), followed by ocular surgeries (15.1%), myopia (10.43%), and strabismus (9.39%).

Conclusions:

  • This study identifies modifiable risk factors for amblyopia in Jordanian children.
  • Many children are affected by amblyopia and go undiagnosed during early elementary years.
  • Enhanced governmental screening efforts are recommended to improve vision outcomes in Jordan.