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Helmet Ventilation for Pediatric Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Shu-Chi Mu1,2, Yu-Hsuan Chien1,3, Pin-Zhen Lai4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|February 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Helmet ventilation offers optimal non-invasive ventilation for children with COVID-19-related respiratory failure. This method provides high tolerability and a secure seal, minimizing droplet dispersion during the pandemic.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Respiratory medicine
  • Infectious disease epidemiology

Background:

  • Airborne droplet dispersion from patients is a primary transmission route for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use requires careful consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic due to potential aerosol generation.
  • Helmet ventilation has emerged as a preferred NIV method for managing acute hypoxic respiratory failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting the use of helmet ventilation in pediatric patients experiencing respiratory failure.
  • To evaluate helmet ventilation as an optimal NIV strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Evidence-based review of existing literature on helmet ventilation in children.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on NIV for COVID-19-related respiratory failure.
  • Assessment of helmet interface characteristics, including tolerability, air leakage, and seal integrity.

Main Results:

  • Helmet ventilation demonstrates high tolerability and superior seal integrity compared to other NIV interfaces.
  • It effectively delivers respiratory support while potentially reducing air leakage and droplet dispersion.
  • Evidence supports its role in managing acute hypoxic respiratory failure in children.

Conclusions:

  • Helmet ventilation is an optimal choice for NIV in children with respiratory failure, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Its characteristics make it a safer and more effective option for managing acute hypoxia and minimizing transmission risks.
  • Further research should continue to explore its application in pediatric respiratory care.

Keywords:
continuous positive airway pressurecoronavirus disease 2019helmet ventilationnon-invasive positive pressure ventilationnon-invasive respiratory supportpediatricrespiratory failure

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