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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
Published on: February 22, 2019
Christian G Peace1, Luke A J O'Neill1
1School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
Iron deficiency weakens immune responses to vaccines. Maintaining adequate serum iron levels is crucial for lymphocyte function, suggesting iron supplementation can enhance vaccine effectiveness, including for COVID-19.
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