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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Favorable Eruption Despite External Replacement Root Resorption in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth Treated With Regenerative Endodontics-An Observational Study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique
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Present status and future directions - Managing discoloured teeth.

Bill Kahler1,2

  • 1School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

International Endodontic Journal
|February 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Tooth discolouration management offers various protocols for aesthetic results. Bleaching endodontically treated teeth is safe and effective, though resorption risks with high peroxide concentrations warrant caution.

Keywords:
bleachingcarbamide peroxideexternal cervical root resorptionhydrogen peroxidesodium perboratewalking bleach technique

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Dental Aesthetics
  • Endodontics

Background:

  • Increasing public demand for aesthetic tooth appearance.
  • Tooth discolouration management requires interdisciplinary approaches for vital and nonvital teeth.
  • Traditional prosthodontic treatments are invasive and require future maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current protocols for managing tooth discolouration.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bleaching endodontically treated teeth.
  • To discuss regulatory considerations and patient expectations in aesthetic dental treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review based on PubMed and Cochrane library searches.
  • Analysis of bleaching techniques, including the walking bleach method.
  • Consideration of hydrogen peroxide concentrations and associated risks like external cervical root resorption.

Main Results:

  • Bleaching endodontically treated teeth is a safe and effective method for discoloured teeth.
  • A link between bleaching and resorption is suspected, potentially related to prior trauma.
  • Higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (30-35%) are associated with external cervical root resorption.

Conclusions:

  • Bleaching endodontically treated teeth is a viable conservative option for aesthetic improvement.
  • Clinicians should avoid thermocatalytic bleaching and use a base/sealer to mitigate resorption risks.
  • Managing patient expectations and considering multidisciplinary treatments are crucial for successful aesthetic outcomes.