Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

8.3K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
8.3K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

16.2K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
16.2K
Estimation of the Physical Quantities01:05

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

6.3K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corrigendum to "Effects of modified release hydrocortisone on restoration of early morning cortisol, quality of life, and fatigue in adrenal insufficiency (The CHAMPAIN study): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over study comparing Chronocort and Plenadren"[eClinical Medicine 91(2026); 103714].

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Phantom Arm Pain and Tinnitus in a Patient with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report.

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Effects of modified release hydrocortisone on restoration of early morning cortisol, quality of life, and fatigue in adrenal insufficiency (The CHAMPAIN study): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over study comparing Chronocort and Plenadren.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Radiation Protection Policy in a Nuclear Era -Recommendations from Health Physicists in Response to EO 14300.

Health physics·2026
Same author

Reduction of Erroneous ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Diagnoses: A Successful Nurse-led Quality Improvement Project.

Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN·2025
Same author

Safety and pharmacodynamics of the ferroportin inhibitor vamifeport in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: results from a randomized phase 2a study.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2025
Same journal

Novel PdO-modified borate glasses with improved radiation shielding and mechanical features.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Assessment of radionuclide contents and radiological health risks of infant formulae consumed in Türkiye.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Radiation surveillance during cyclotron commissioning and pilot-scale FDG production at the Institute of Nuclear Medical Physics.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Energy-dependent shielding performance of high-Z epoxy composite shielding media for radioactive waste drums: A Monte Carlo transport and dose-rate analysis.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Radiological performance of cemented FMA-VC radioactive waste packages for transport: A PHITS Monte Carlo study.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Investigating the relationship between naturally occurring radionuclides and grain size of sediment from the Helskloof Basin, South Africa.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities
06:51

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities

Published on: February 20, 2021

5.2K

Methods for estimating X-ray machine output through measurement and simulation.

Michael P Pfeifer1, Nathanael Simerl1, Ryan Strahler1

  • 1Alan Levin Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|February 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

X-ray inspection of electronics requires accurate dose estimation. This study characterizes X-ray devices, improving Monte Carlo models for better radiation damage assessment and product quality in electronics manufacturing.

Keywords:
Cadmium tellurideMonte Carlo modelingNon-destructive testingX-ray system

More Related Videos

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
10:16

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.0K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities
06:51

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities

Published on: February 20, 2021

5.2K
X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
10:16

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.0K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Ball grid arrays (BGAs) in electronics require X-ray inspection.
  • Increasingly complex integrated circuits are vulnerable to radiation damage.
  • X-ray inspection devices often lack detailed characterization compared to medical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop methods to characterize X-ray inspection devices.
  • Improve dose estimation for electronics undergoing X-ray inspection.
  • Enhance the reliability of manufactured electronic components.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated spectral measurement and Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of three X-ray devices.
  • Utilized SpekCalc and Spektr software for spectral output prediction.
  • Employed Gafchromic films for dose measurement and artifact analysis.

Main Results:

  • Philips SRO 33 100 spectral output matched prediction software.
  • Dage XD7500NT showed a spectral artifact impacting dose output.
  • MC model for Rad Source RS1800 accurately matched ion chamber measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate characterization of X-ray inspection devices is crucial.
  • Improved dose estimates enhance electronics reliability.
  • Monte Carlo modeling aids in understanding radiation effects on electronics.