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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

Remdesivir and Human Milk: A Case Study.

Yuka Sano Wada¹, Jumpei Saito², Yuko Hashii³

¹Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal, and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association

|February 22, 2022

Summary

This study found very low levels of Remdesivir in human breast milk after COVID-19 treatment. Breastfeeding is likely safe for infants whose mothers are treated with Remdesivir for Coronavirus 2 infection.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 breastfeeding case study human milk relative infant dose remdesivir

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Infectious Diseases
Lactation Studies

Background:

Remdesivir, initially for Ebola, showed efficacy for Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not transmitted via human milk.
Data on Remdesivir presence in human milk was previously limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the human milk-to-serum drug concentration ratio of Remdesivir.
To calculate the relative infant dose of Remdesivir.
To assess the safety of breastfeeding during Remdesivir treatment for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

A case study involving a single mother treated with Remdesivir for COVID-19.
Measurement of Remdesivir concentrations in maternal serum and human milk.
Calculation of the milk-to-serum drug concentration ratio and relative infant dose.

Main Results:

A low milk-to-serum drug concentration ratio of 0.089 was observed.
The calculated relative infant dose was 0.0070.
The participant resumed breastfeeding after completing treatment.

Conclusions:

The low concentration of Remdesivir in human milk suggests minimal infant exposure.
Breastfeeding during Remdesivir treatment for COVID-19 is considered safe.
The benefits of breastfeeding, including antibody transfer, outweigh potential risks.