Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Molecular Biology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system provides adaptive immunity in prokaryotes.
• CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a powerful genome editing tool inspired by this system.
• CRISPR/Cas9's efficiency and precision are vital for cancer genomics research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current status of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in oncological research.
• To explain the principles and new modes of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
• To demonstrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer research and therapy.

Main Methods:

• Review of CRISPR/Cas9 principles and advanced gene editing modes.
• Analysis of CRISPR screening applications in cancer research.
• Discussion of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vectors and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

• CRISPR/Cas9 is extensively used to explore cancer-related genes and establish tumor models.
• CRISPR screening has rapidly advanced understanding of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance.
• CRISPR/Cas9 shows potential for enhancing adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) and reducing side effects.

Conclusions:

• CRISPR/Cas9 technology significantly enhances cancer genomics research and drug target identification.
• CRISPR screening provides deep insights into cancer mechanisms.
• CRISPR/Cas9 holds promise for improving cancer treatment efficacy and safety, particularly in ACT.