Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.0K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.0K
Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions01:17

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions

3.9K
A phase I reaction is a biochemical process that introduces a functionally reactive polar group to a substance. This transformation predominantly occurs in the liver, facilitated by the cytochrome P450 system of hemoproteins situated in the lipophilic endoplasmic reticulum of cells. The metabolite generated through this process can have varying polarities. If it is sufficiently polar, it can be easily excreted in the urine due to its water compatibility. However, if the metabolite is nonpolar,...
3.9K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.6K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.6K
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems01:19

Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems

368
Phase I biotransformation reactions are integral to drug metabolism, predominantly involving oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic transformations. Chief among these are oxidative reactions, which enhance the hydrophilicity of xenobiotics and introduce polar functional groups to facilitate their elimination from the body.
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
368
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

1.2K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
1.2K
Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

516
Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme...
516

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Depigmented Facial and Neck Patches Following Melanotan Use in a Patient With Atopic Dermatitis and Alopecia Areata.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2026
Same author

Development of Poliosis in Patients Treated With Immunotherapy for Metastatic Cutaneous and Non-Cutaneous Melanoma.

Pigment cell & melanoma research·2026
Same author

Treatment of Acne Keloidalis Nuchae in a Southern California Population.

Cutis·2026
Same author

A case of toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker.

JAAD case reports·2026
Same author

Interview Tips for Dermatology Applicants From Dr. Scott Worswick.

Cutis·2026
Same author

Choosing a Job After Graduation: Advice for Residents From Scott Worswick, MD.

Cutis·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
09:45

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

Published on: October 28, 2015

8.6K

Photosensitizing drug reactions.

Simone Montgomery1, Scott Worswick1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Clinics in Dermatology
|February 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Photosensitizing drug reactions, including phototoxic and photoallergic types, occur after UV radiation exposure in patients taking certain medications. Prevention is key for managing these common skin reactions.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Photobiology

Background:

  • Photosensitizing drug reactions manifest as skin eruptions following ultraviolet radiation exposure in patients using photosensitizing medications.
  • These reactions are broadly categorized into phototoxic and photoallergic types, with phototoxicity being more prevalent and extensively documented.
  • Numerous medications can cause photosensitivity, particularly those acting within the ultraviolet A spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of photosensitizing drug reactions.
  • To elucidate the distinctions and commonalities between phototoxicity and photoallergy.
  • To discuss related reactions within the phototoxicity spectrum, such as lichenoid reactions and pseudoporphyria.

Main Methods:

More Related Videos

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
10:05

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

Published on: May 8, 2020

2.0K
An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy
04:53

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

Published on: August 17, 2018

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
09:45

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

Published on: October 28, 2015

8.6K
Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
10:05

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

Published on: May 8, 2020

2.0K
An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy
04:53

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

Published on: August 17, 2018

8.9K
  • Literature review of photosensitizing drug reactions.
  • Analysis of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria for differentiating reaction types.
  • Synthesis of information on medication classes and specific drugs implicated in photosensitivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Phototoxic reactions are more common than photoallergic reactions.
    • Key photosensitizing medications include amiodarone, doxycycline, hydrochlorothiazide, naproxen, and others.
    • Clinical differentiation between phototoxicity and photoallergy can be challenging due to overlapping features.

    Conclusions:

    • Management strategies for both phototoxic and photoallergic reactions prioritize prevention.
    • Understanding the nuances between different photosensitizing drug reactions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
    • This review consolidates current knowledge on photosensitizing drug reactions, aiding clinical practice and research.