Conventional Chemotherapy Nephrotoxicity.

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Conventional chemotherapy is a primary treatment for many cancers.
• Chemotherapy-induced kidney complications are common and can impact patient prognosis.
• Adverse kidney effects range from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease and electrolyte imbalances.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review kidney complications associated with conventional chemotherapy agents.
• To identify risk factors and outline strategies for mitigating kidney damage.
• To provide drug-specific recommendations for managing chemotherapy-induced kidney adverse effects.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of literature on chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity.
• Analysis of incidence, risk factors, and management strategies for kidney complications.
• Focus on frequently used agents like platinum-based drugs, cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and pemetrexed.

Main Results:

• Chemotherapy can cause acute kidney injury through various mechanisms (tubular injury, nephritis, glomerular disease, thrombotic microangiopathy).
• Long-term consequences include reduced kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
• Electrolyte disturbances are also noted adverse effects.

Conclusions:

• Understanding and managing chemotherapy-related kidney complications is crucial for patient survival and treatment options.
• Risk mitigation strategies and dose modifications, though limited by data, are essential.
• Drug-specific management plans are necessary for addressing these adverse effects.