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Histones and their modifications.

R S Wu, H T Panusz, C L Hatch

    CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Histones are crucial proteins forming nucleosomes, the basic units of chromosomes. Their synthesis is complex and linked to DNA replication, but the role of histone modifications in nucleosome function remains unclear.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Epigenetics
    • Chromatin Structure

    Background:

    • Histones are core proteins of nucleosomes, essential for chromosome structure.
    • Histone and DNA synthesis are tightly regulated due to high histone demand during replication.
    • Nucleosomal structure and interactions must change for DNA replication and RNA transcription.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the complex regulation of histone and DNA synthesis.
    • To explore the role of post-translational modifications in altering nucleosomal structure and function.
    • To elucidate causal connections between histone modifications and nucleosomal functions.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of histone and DNA synthesis regulation.
    • Investigating alterations in nucleosomal structure during cellular processes.

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  • Studying post-translational modifications of histones.

    • Main Results:

    • The synthesis of histones and DNA is intricately regulated.
    • Nucleosomal structure undergoes significant alterations during transcription and replication.
    • Extensive histone post-translational modifications exist but their functional impact is not yet understood.

    Conclusions:

    • Histone modifications offer potential mechanisms for regulating nucleosomal functions.
    • Despite extensive research, the direct causal links between histone modifications and nucleosomal functions remain to be elucidated.