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|February 22, 2022
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Researchers developed a caged protocell model with a stimuli-responsive membrane. This artificial cell system allows controlled uptake of other protocells, paving the way for synthetic cell communities and micro-delivery systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic chemistry
  • Synthetic biology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Controlling artificial cell consortia is crucial for developing higher-order cytomimetic behaviors.
  • Existing models lack precise control over inter-compartment interactions and material exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a caged protocell model with a stimuli-responsive membrane for controlled protocell uptake.
  • To demonstrate a triggerable transmembrane uptake mechanism in synthetic protocell communities.
  • To explore protocell sorting based on surface properties and coacervate sequestration.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a caged protocell model with a molecularly crowded coacervate interior.
  • Construction of a stimuli-responsive membrane using gold (Au)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanoparticles.
  • Induction of membrane assembly/disassembly via light-mediated Au/PEG dissociation or enzyme-mediated PEG cleavage.
  • Controlled and selective uptake of guest protocells into coacervate microdroplets.

Main Results:

  • The caged protocell membrane successfully assembled and disassembled in response to external stimuli (light) or internal triggers (enzymes).
  • Controlled and selective uptake of guest protocells into the coacervate interior was achieved.
  • Tailoring guest protocell surface properties enabled rudimentary protocell sorting, demonstrating programmable interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed caged protocell system offers a novel all-water model for triggerable transmembrane uptake in synthetic protocell communities.
  • This work highlights the potential for programming surface-contact interactions between artificial membrane-bounded compartments.
  • Potential applications include protocell networks, storage and delivery microsystems, and microreactor technologies.