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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
884
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
11:10

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Uncommon forms of diabetes.

Yun-Ni Lee1, Mohammed Sb Huda2

  • 1Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|February 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights atypical diabetes mellitus forms beyond type 1 and type 2. Understanding these, including MODY, LADA, and secondary diabetes, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective patient management.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent condition encountered by all clinicians.
  • Type 2 and type 1 diabetes are the most common forms.
  • Atypical diabetes presentations require consideration for proper diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key features, investigations, and treatments of less common diabetes mellitus types.
  • To inform clinicians about differential diagnoses for atypical diabetes.
  • To emphasize the impact of specific diabetes forms on clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on specific atypical diabetes types.
  • Summarization of clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
LADAMODYatypicaldiabetesuncommon

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  • Inclusion of MODY, LADA, ketosis-prone diabetes, and secondary diabetes.

    • Main Results:

    • Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) presents unique genetic and clinical characteristics.
    • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) shares features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
    • Secondary diabetes, linked to conditions like pancreatic cancer and hemochromatosis, necessitates distinct management pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Recognizing atypical diabetes forms is essential for appropriate clinical management.
    • Early and accurate diagnosis of MODY, LADA, and secondary diabetes improves patient outcomes.
    • Clinicians must be aware of the diverse etiological factors and presentations of diabetes mellitus.