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Algorithm for laboratory diagnostics of parvoviral infection in risk groups
I V Khamitova1, I N Lavrentieva1, A V Semenov2
1Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute.
Insights
Parvovirus infection (PVI) testing algorithms are proposed for HIV-infected, stem cell transplant, and malaria patients. These tailored diagnostics aid in predicting severe disease and guiding timely therapy for parvovirus B19 infection.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Hematology
Background:
- Parvovirus infection (PVI) is a widespread viral illness with diverse transmission routes.
- Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) specifically targets erythropoietic cells, posing risks to immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with hematological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and propose specific algorithms for laboratory testing of PVI in distinct individual risk groups.
- To tailor PVI diagnostics based on the unique presentation and risk factors within each group.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of own research data and published literature on PVI.
- Development of risk-group-specific diagnostic algorithms for PVI.
- Identification of key clinical or laboratory markers for initiating PVI testing in target populations.
Main Results:
- Algorithms were proposed for HIV-infected patients (persistent anemia), oncohematological patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and patients with parasitic anemia (age as a criterion for co-infected children).
- These algorithms leverage specific patient parameters to guide PVI testing decisions.
Conclusions:
- The proposed PVI diagnostic algorithms can aid in predicting severe disease courses associated with PVB19 infection in at-risk populations.
- Timely and targeted PVI testing facilitates appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Abstract:
Parvovirus infection (PVI) is widespread, characterized by airborne, bloodborne and vertical transmission routes. Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) exhibits tropism to erythropoietic cells. According to the increased likelihood principle of PVB19 infection and the severity of the consequences, immunocompromised individuals, especially those with hematological manifestations of diseases, are in increased risk group. Based on the own research results and analysis of the published data, we have proposed specific algorithms for PVI laboratory testing in individual risk groups, taking into account the peculiarities of the development and infection manifestation in each group: in HIV-infected patients, in oncohematological patients with to whom allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) have been prescribed (blood and bone marrow recipients), as well as in patients with chronic anemia of parasitic etiology. For each group, the main clinical or laboratory marker, treatment procedure, or patient physiological parameters have been determined, based on which it was recommended to test for PVI. For HIV-infected patients, the main criterion for PVI testing is persistent anemia. For oncohematological patients, the basis for PVI testing is allo-HSCT procedure, which is planned or performed for this particular patient. For malaria patients, the patient's age was considered as major criterion, since in malaria and PVI coinfected young children can lead to a fatal outcome. The proposed PVI diagnostics algorithms usein risk groups can help to predict the severe course of underlying disease associated with PVB19 infection, and timely correct the therapy used.
