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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
10.2K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Two-dimensional crystalization on spheres: Crystals grow cracked.

Laureano Ortellado1, Daniel A Vega1, Leopoldo R Gómez1

  • 1Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur-IFISUR-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.

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Crystal growth on spheres is influenced by curvature, leading to different structures. Highly curved surfaces cause crystals to crack into ribbonlike forms to relieve strain.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Curvature significantly impacts material properties and growth dynamics.
  • Understanding crystal growth on curved surfaces is crucial for advanced material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of substrate curvature on the structural evolution of two-dimensional crystals.
  • To model crystal growth mechanisms on spherical substrates using a Landau model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Landau model adapted for curved space to describe crystal growth.
  • Analyzed the role of elastic energy and packing frustration in dictating crystal geometry.

Main Results:

  • Curvature-induced strain (packing frustration) strongly influences crystal structure.
  • Compact, faceted crystals form on less curved surfaces.
  • Highly curved surfaces promote the formation of cracked, ribbonlike crystal structures to minimize elastic energy.

Conclusions:

  • Elastic energy considerations are paramount in determining crystal morphology on curved substrates.
  • The transition from faceted to ribbonlike structures highlights adaptive growth strategies in response to geometric constraints.