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Entropy01:18

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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Fluctuation theorem for irreversible entropy production in electrical conduction.

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Summary

Linear irreversible thermodynamics predicts negative entropy production rates, demonstrated here for metals under AC driving. These findings align with stochastic thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems, offering new insights into thermodynamic processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Linear irreversible thermodynamics allows for negative entropy production rates.
  • The Drude-Sommerfeld model describes conductivity in metals under AC driving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate negative entropy production rates in metals under AC driving.
  • To reconcile these findings with stochastic thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems.
  • To compare phenomenological and information-theoretic definitions of stochastic entropy production.

Main Methods:

  • Applying linear irreversible thermodynamics to metals.
  • Utilizing the Drude-Sommerfeld model for conductivity.
  • Employing stochastic thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems.

Main Results:

  • Negative entropy production rates were demonstrated in metals under AC driving.
  • These negative rates were shown to be compatible with stochastic thermodynamics.
  • A discrepancy was observed between phenomenological and information-theoretic entropy production definitions.

Conclusions:

  • The prediction of negative entropy production rates from linear irreversible thermodynamics is experimentally supported for specific systems.
  • Stochastic thermodynamics provides a consistent framework for understanding these phenomena.
  • Current definitions of stochastic entropy production may require refinement for certain applications.