Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

4.7K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.7K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

9.6K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.6K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.2K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.2K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

14.8K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.8K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.7K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.7K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.5K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adaptive cellular evolution in the intestine of hyperdiverse cichlid fishes.

Nature·2026
Same author

Influence of Extended Itraconazole Antifungal Prophylaxis on the Development of Fungal Infections After Lung Transplant.

Journal of transplantation·2026
Same author

Conditional Stabilization of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor HIF1α- Photoswitchable Stapled Peptides Prevent Elongin BC-Mediated Degradation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

The SAMD1 transcription factor coordinates hematopoietic lineage differentiation and H3K4 methylation status.

Blood advances·2025
Same author

Cooperation of a polymerizing SAM domain and an intrinsically disordered region enables full SAMD1 function on chromatin.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same author

Distinct gene regulatory dynamics drive skeletogenic cell fate convergence during vertebrate embryogenesis.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

8.6K

Evolutionary adaptation of the Polycomb repressive complex 2.

Sabrina Fischer1, Lisa Marie Weber1, Robert Liefke2,3

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.

Epigenetics & Chromatin
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) evolved significantly between Drosophila and mammals. The PRC2.1 subcomplex gained new functions, impacting chromatin regulation and developmental gene transcription.

Keywords:
ChromatinCpG IslandsDrosophilaEPOPEZHIPEvolutionJARID2PALI1PRC2Polycomb

More Related Videos

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.5K
In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

8.6K
A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.5K
In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for gene silencing during development.
  • PRC2's core complex has H3K27 methyltransferase activity, essential for transcriptional repression.
  • PRC2 composition and function have evolved across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare PRC2 complex members in Drosophila and mammals.
  • Analyze the adaptation of PRC2 to different biological requirements.
  • Investigate novel functions acquired by the PRC2.1 subcomplex.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of PRC2 component evolution.
  • Functional characterization of PRC2 subcomplexes.
  • Assessment of chromatin regulatory roles.

Main Results:

  • Significant divergence in PRC2 composition between Drosophila and mammals identified.
  • PRC2.1 subcomplex demonstrated acquisition of multiple novel functions.
  • Evolutionary changes impact PRC2's role in chromatin regulation.

Conclusions:

  • PRC2 has undergone substantial evolutionary adaptation.
  • The PRC2.1 subcomplex plays a key role in these functional innovations.
  • Understanding these changes is vital for comprehending gene regulation.