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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

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The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
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Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
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Concerns regarding tablet splitting: a systematic review.

Aanchal K Saran1, Natalie A Holden2, Scott R Garrison

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada aanchalp@ualberta.ca.

BJGP Open
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tablet splitting offers dose flexibility and cost savings. However, evidence largely refutes concerns, except for sustained-release tablets and older adults with physical limitations.

Keywords:
cost savingsdelayed-action preparationsdose-reductiongeriatric prescribingmedication errorspill-splittingtablets

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Medication Adherence

Background:

  • Tablet splitting is a common practice for dose adjustment and cost reduction.
  • Pharmaceutical industry representatives often advise against tablet splitting.
  • Concerns exist regarding the safety and efficacy of split tablets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize published concerns about tablet splitting.
  • To evaluate the experimental evidence supporting or refuting these concerns.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and qualitative synthesis of literature.
  • Searched Medline and EMBASE databases for English articles on tablet splitting.
  • Included original research, reviews, and expert opinions.

Main Results:

  • 138 articles were included after screening 1837 initial records.
  • Concerns included difficulty breaking, mass loss, variability, instability, rapid dosing, non-compliance, and errors.
  • Little evidence supports concerns about mass loss, variability, instability, or non-compliance.
  • Evidence supports difficulties for older adults and risks with sustained-release formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Tablet splitting is generally supported by evidence, with key exceptions.
  • Sustained-release tablets should not be split due to altered drug release.
  • Older adults may face physical challenges in splitting tablets accurately.