Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

853
Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...
853
Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

986
Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
986
Entropy02:39

Entropy

31.8K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
31.8K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

19.8K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
19.8K
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

340
The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and...
340
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

2.8K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First detection of CTX-M-14-producing multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 epidemic clone from a retail vegetable, China.

Journal of global antimicrobial resistance·2021
Same author

Clinical Characteristics and Risk of Diabetic Complications in Data-Driven Clusters Among Type 2 Diabetes.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2021
Same author

An Activatable Host-Guest Conjugate as a Nanocarrier for Effective Drug Release through Self-Inclusion.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2021
Same author

Tailoring the efficiency and spectrum of a green random laser generated by frequency doubling of random fiber lasers.

Optics express·2021
Same author

Tunable narrowband cascaded random Raman fiber laser.

Optics express·2021
Same author

HIPK2 phosphorylates HDAC3 for NF-κB acetylation to ameliorate colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma and sepsis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.8K

Min-entropy estimation for semiconductor superlattice true random number generators.

Jing Liu1, Jianguo Xie2, Lu Chao2

  • 1Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.

Scientific Reports
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel min-entropy estimation for semiconductor superlattice true random number generators (SSL-TRNGs). The method enhances cryptographic security by accurately assessing entropy on the fly.

More Related Videos

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

7.3K
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.8K
Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

7.3K
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • * Physics and Engineering
  • * Information Security

Background:

  • * Semiconductor superlattice true random number generators (SSL-TRNGs) are crucial for high-throughput and high-security cryptographic applications.
  • * The security of random number generators is directly linked to their min-entropy, as insufficient entropy compromises cryptographic strength.
  • * Existing research lacks focus on min-entropy estimation specifically for SSL-TRNGs using stochastic models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To propose and validate a min-entropy estimation method for SSL-TRNGs.
  • * To address the gap in evaluating SSL-TRNG security through stochastic modeling.
  • * To enable dynamic adjustment of post-processing compression rates for optimal security.

Main Methods:

  • * Development of a min-entropy estimation technique for SSL-TRNGs.
  • * Extension of the Markov stochastic model to account for memory effects in SSL-TRNGs.
  • * Calculation of the transition matrix boundary to determine min-entropy.

Main Results:

  • * The proposed method successfully estimates min-entropy for SSL-TRNGs.
  • * The average min-entropy per sample (1 bit) was calculated to be 0.2487.
  • * Experimental validation confirmed the estimator's accuracy for dynamic post-processing adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • * The developed min-entropy estimation method is effective for SSL-TRNGs.
  • * The approach allows for on-the-fly entropy estimation, improving security and efficiency.
  • * This method provides a robust framework for enhancing the security of cryptographic systems relying on SSL-TRNGs.