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Oxidation of Alcohols

Oxidation of Alcohols

In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes

Aldehydes and ketones are prepared from alcohols, alkenes, and alkynes via different reaction pathways. Alcohols are the most commonly used substrates for synthesizing aldehydes and ketones. The conversion of alcohol to aldehyde, which involves the oxidation process, depends on the class of the alcohol used and the strength of the oxidizing agent. For instance, primary alcohol will form an aldehyde when treated with a weak oxidizing agent; however, it gets over-oxidized to a carboxylic acid in...

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...

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A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments

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Published on: October 2, 2012

Screening methods for enzyme-mediated alcohol oxidation.

Martina L Contente^1,2, Irene Marzuoli³, Hans Iding³

¹Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freistrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports

|February 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new enzyme-mediated screening platform for discovering biocatalysts. It rapidly assesses the activity and selectivity of ketoreductases (KREDs), alcohol oxidases (AlcOXs), and laccase-mediator systems (LMSs) for alcohol oxidation.

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Area of Science:

Biocatalysis and enzyme engineering
Organic synthesis
Chemical process development

Background:

Alcohol oxidation is crucial for synthesizing carbonyl compounds and fine chemicals.
Traditional chemical methods often lack sustainability and selectivity.
Biocatalysis offers a greener and more precise alternative for alcohol oxidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an efficient screening platform for identifying novel biocatalysts for alcohol oxidation.
To rapidly assess the activity and selectivity of different enzyme classes.
To facilitate the discovery of sustainable catalysts for industrial applications.

Main Methods:

Development of an enzyme-mediated alcohol oxidation screening platform.
Testing of three classes of biocatalysts: ketoreductases (KREDs), alcohol oxidases (AlcOXs), and laccase-mediator systems (LMSs).
Evaluation of biocatalyst performance using diverse alcohol substrates.

Main Results:

The platform successfully detected activities and selectivities of KREDs, AlcOXs, and LMSs.
Demonstrated the utility of the screening approach for diverse biocatalyst classes.
Highlighted the potential of biocatalysis for efficient alcohol oxidation.

Conclusions:

The developed screening platform accelerates the discovery of effective biocatalysts for alcohol oxidation.
Enzyme-mediated processes provide a sustainable and selective route for carbonyl group generation.
This approach supports the advancement of green chemistry in fine chemical production.