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Insulin resistance parameters in children born very preterm and adequate for gestational age

Hernán García1, Carolina Loureiro1, Helena Poggi1

  • 1Pediatric Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
|February 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Very preterm infants born adequate for gestational age show higher blood pressure and lower HDL cholesterol at school age, indicating potential metabolic risks. Long-term monitoring of this group is crucial for cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Metabolic Health
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Preterm neonates face increased risks for metabolic syndrome later in life.
  • The role of prematurity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare anthropometric measures, cardiometabolic risk factors, and insulin resistance between very preterm (VPT) and term-born children adequate for gestational age (AGA).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional cohort study of 120 children (5.0-8.5 years old).
  • Excluded infants small for gestational age.
  • Calculated HOMA-IR, QUICKI, TG/HDL-C ratio, and Pediatric Score Index for Metabolic Syndrome (PsiMS).

Main Results:

  • VPT children (AGA) had lower HDL cholesterol (p=0.019) and higher PsiMS scores (p=0.043) than term-born children.
  • Higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol (≤40 mg/dl) and elevated blood pressure (≥90th percentile) in VPT children.
  • VPT children exhibited significantly higher blood pressure and lower HDL-C levels compared to term-born controls.

Conclusions:

  • VPT children born AGA demonstrate elevated blood pressure and reduced HDL-C at school age, signaling potential metabolic risks.
  • Continuous lifelong monitoring of VPT children is essential to manage and mitigate long-term metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
Abstract

Keywords:
HOMAPsiMSinsulin resistancemetabolic syndromepremature

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