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Zwitterions Layer at but Do Not Screen Electrified Interfaces.

Muhammad Ghifari Ridwan1,2, Buddha Ratna Shrestha1,2, Nischal Maharjan1,2

  • 1Environmental Science and Engineering (EnSE) Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

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Zwitterions, like glycine, do not alter surface electrostatics or ionic conductivity in solutions. This finding explains how extremophiles manage osmotic stress without disrupting essential electrostatic balances.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and surface science
  • Biophysics
  • Extremophile biology

Background:

  • Ionic electrostatics are crucial in colloidal systems.
  • Zwitterions are abundant in extremophiles but their electrostatic role is understudied.
  • Understanding zwitterion effects is key to extremophile survival mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrostatic contribution of zwitterions to interfacial forces.
  • To determine how glycine, as a model zwitterion, affects charged interfaces.
  • To elucidate the role of zwitterions in extremophile adaptation to osmotic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study using mica-mica and silica-silica interfaces.
  • Analysis of electrostatic forces, surface potentials, and ionic conductivity.
  • Varying glycine concentrations (0.3-30 mM) as a zwitterion, ion, and osmolyte.

Main Results:

  • Zwitterions (glycine) adsorb at electrified interfaces but do not change surface potentials.
  • No significant effect on electrostatic surface forces (magnitude and range) was observed.
  • Ionic conductivity remained unaffected across tested glycine concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The unique structure of zwitterions prevents charge separation, inhibiting counter-charge buildup at interfaces.
  • Zwitterions contribute to osmolality without interfering with electrostatic force balances.
  • This mechanism allows extremophiles to maintain osmotic stability while preserving critical electrostatic interactions.