Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkene Fragmentation00:54

Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkene Fragmentation

1.2K
The molecular ions of cycloalkenes undergo fragmentation via a retro-Diels–Alder reaction.
1.2K
Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation01:05

Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation

1.6K
In mass spectrometry, cycloalkanes exhibit distinct fragmentation patterns due to the inherent stability of their molecular ions compared to linear or branched alkanes. The ring structure of cycloalkanes provides additional stability to the molecular ions, often resulting in prominent ion peaks in the mass spectrum.
For example, cyclohexane molecular ions have a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 84, which tends to produce a stronger signal than linear alkanes like hexane. This stability comes from...
1.6K
Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation01:01

Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation

1.7K
The fragmentation patterns observed for compounds such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides in the mass spectra include ⍺-cleavage and McLafferty rearrangement. Fragmentation by ⍺-cleavage preferentially occurs at the carbon-carbon bond at the ⍺-position next to the carboxylic group to generate a neutral radical and a cation. Long chain compounds with hydrogen at their γ-carbon undergo McLafferty rearrangement to give a radical cation and a neutral alkene.
For example,...
1.7K
Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation01:23

Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation

2.0K
Upon ionization, aromatic compounds generate a molecular ion that is observed as a prominent peak in their mass spectra. For example, the molecular ion peak for benzene appears at a mass-to-charge ratio of 78, while toluene is observed at a mass-to-charge ratio of 92. The molecular ion benzene is highly stable and does not readily undergo further fragmentation due to the significant amount of energy required to disrupt the aromatic stability of the benzene ring. In contrast, the molecular ion...
2.0K
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

960
Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
960
Mass Spectrometry: Alkyne Fragmentation00:53

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyne Fragmentation

1.7K
The fragmentation of alkynes preferentially occurs at the carbon–carbon bond between the α and β carbon of the alkyne bond to generate a 3-propynyl cation (or propargyl cation). In terminal alkynes, there is the only type of fragmentation that yields the 3-propynyl cation. The unsubstituted 3-propynyl cation exhibits a peak at a mass-to-charge ratio of 39. In internal alkynes, the 3-propynyl cation is substituted. For example, 2-pentyne fragments into methyl-substituted...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of normalization strategies for mass spectrometry-based multi-omics datasets.

Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society·2025
Same author

Multidimensional mass profiles increase confidence in bacterial identification when using low-resolution mass spectrometers.

The Analyst·2024
Same author

Installation protocol for charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry on ion trapping mass spectrometers.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2024
Same author

Conotoxin Prediction: New Features to Increase Prediction Accuracy.

Toxins·2023
Same author

Forensic Mass Spectrometry: Scientific and Legal Precedents.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2023
Same author

Expert Algorithm for Substance Identification Using Mass Spectrometry: Application to the Identification of Cocaine on Different Instruments Using Binary Classification Models.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
15:35

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 19, 2010

24.4K

Structural Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Macrocycles Using Charge-Transfer Dissociation Mass

Halle M Edwards1, Zachary J Sasiene1, Praneeth M Mendis1

  • 1C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Charge-transfer dissociation (CTD) provides a powerful new method for analyzing complex macrocycles, overcoming limitations of traditional techniques. This high-energy fragmentation reveals detailed structural information crucial for natural product and synthetic chemistry.

Keywords:
cobalaminion activationmacrocyclic ionsmacrolidesnylon-6,6polymer

More Related Videos

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

4.4K
Standardized Identification of Compound Structure in Tibetan Medicine Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Multiple-Stage Fragmentation Analysis
09:24

Standardized Identification of Compound Structure in Tibetan Medicine Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Multiple-Stage Fragmentation Analysis

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
15:35

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 19, 2010

24.4K
Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

4.4K
Standardized Identification of Compound Structure in Tibetan Medicine Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Multiple-Stage Fragmentation Analysis
09:24

Standardized Identification of Compound Structure in Tibetan Medicine Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Multiple-Stage Fragmentation Analysis

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Natural products (NPs) are vital sources for drug discovery, but their complex cyclic structures pose analytical challenges.
  • Traditional fragmentation methods like collision-induced dissociation (CID) are often ineffective for macrocycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate charge-transfer dissociation (CTD) as a novel high-energy fragmentation technique for macrocycle characterization.
  • To demonstrate CTD's utility in identifying structural modifications and resolving analogues in complex cyclic compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Employed charge-transfer dissociation (CTD), with and without supplemental collisional activation, on various macrocyclic precursors.
  • Analyzed fragmentation patterns to identify structural features and modifications.
  • Compared CTD results with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and other high-energy techniques.

Main Results:

  • CTD effectively induced radical-driven fragmentation, cleaving multiple bonds within macrocyclic cores.
  • Generated rich, informative spectra distinct from CID, aiding in the identification of modification sites.
  • Successfully characterized a nylon-6,6 cyclic polymer impurity in a biological sample.
  • CTD spectra showed similarities to extreme ultraviolet dissociative photoionization (XUV-DPI) and electron ionization-induced dissociation (EID).

Conclusions:

  • CTD-MS is a valuable tool for the structural characterization of both natural and synthetic macrocycles.
  • This technique offers a significant advantage over CID for complex cyclic molecules.