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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

A Mouse Model of Orotracheal Intubation and Ventilated Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Surgery

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The lung microbiome regulates brain autoimmunity.

Leon Hosang¹, Roger Cugota Canals¹, Felicia Joy van der Flier¹

¹Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

|February 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The lung microbiome influences brain immune responses and susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmune diseases. Dysregulation of lung bacteria impacts T-cell activation and disease development via a novel lung-brain axis.

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Published on: April 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Microbiome Research
Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

Lung infections and smoking are risk factors for multiple sclerosis, a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.
The lung serves as a niche for disease-inducing T cells, crucial for their survival and maturation.
The specific role of lung tissue in brain autoimmune diseases remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interconnection between the lung microbiota and brain immune reactivity.
To determine how lung microbiome dysregulation affects susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmune diseases.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the lung-brain axis in autoimmune disease development.

Main Methods:

Utilized rat models to study the impact of lung microbiome manipulation on autoimmune disease development.
Administered antibiotics (neomycin, polymyxin B) to alter lung microbiota composition.
Assessed immune cell activation, cytokine profiles, and clinical signs of central nervous system autoimmune disease.

Main Results:

Lung microbiome dysregulation significantly altered susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.
Neomycin treatment, enriching for lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria, induced a type-I-interferon-primed state in microglia, impairing their response to type II interferons.
This resulted in reduced neuroinflammation, immune cell infiltration, and clinical symptoms of the disease.

Conclusions:

A functional lung-brain axis exists, mediated by the pulmonary microbiome.
The lung microbiome plays a critical role in regulating central nervous system immune responses.
Modulation of the lung microbiota can influence susceptibility to and severity of autoimmune diseases affecting the brain.