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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Deviations from classical droplet evaporation theory.

Joshua Finneran1, Colin P Garner1, François Nadal1

  • 1Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.

Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transient effects in gas phases significantly alter droplet evaporation, with classical models overpredicting droplet lifetime by up to 80%. This study quantifies these deviations for improved evaporation predictions.

Keywords:
Stefan flowdroplet vaporizationfully transientmoving boundaryquasi-steadyunsteady

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Heat and mass transfer
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Classical quasi-steady models simplify droplet evaporation.
  • Transient effects in the gas phase are often overlooked.
  • These simplifications can lead to significant inaccuracies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate deviations from quasi-steady models in droplet evaporation.
  • To quantify the impact of gas-phase transient effects.
  • To develop a predictive tool for evaporation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Solving the fully transient evaporation problem for a single droplet.
  • Utilizing a generalized, dimensionless framework.
  • Quantifying differences across a 10-dimensional input domain.

Main Results:

  • Classical models can overpredict droplet lifetime by up to 80%.
  • Transient regimes show initially faster and later slower evaporation rates.
  • Overprediction is linked to energy balance between droplet and environment.

Conclusions:

  • Gas-phase transient effects are crucial for accurate droplet evaporation modeling.
  • A robust predictive tool is provided to assess model deviations.
  • Understanding these transient dynamics is essential for various applications.