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Gender Differences in Self-Estimated Intelligence: Exploring the Male Hubris, Female Humility Problem.

David Reilly1, David L Neumann1,2, Glenda Andrews1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men and women show differences in self-estimated intelligence (SEI), with males estimating higher. Personality factors like masculinity and self-esteem contribute to this "male hubris, female humility" effect.

Keywords:
educationgender differenceshuman intelligenceself-esteemself-estimated intelligencesex differencessex-roles

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychometrics
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Cognitive psychology indicates men and women have equal measured intelligence.
  • Gender disparities in self-estimated intelligence (SEI) are consistently reported, with males estimating higher than females, termed the 'male hubris, female humility' effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate personality factors contributing to gender differences in self-estimated intelligence.
  • To explore the influence of sex-role identification and self-esteem on SEI.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (N=228) completed measures of general and multiple intelligences' self-estimates.
  • Objective intelligence was assessed using the Cattell Culture Fair IQ test.
  • Personality factors were measured using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and self-esteem scales.

Main Results:

  • Males and individuals high in masculinity reported higher SEI.
  • Females systematically underestimated their IQ, while overall accuracy did not differ by gender.
  • Hierarchical multiple regression revealed independent contributions of gender, masculinity, and self-esteem to SEI.

Conclusions:

  • The 'male hubris, female humility' effect is explained by a combination of gender, masculinity, and self-esteem.
  • Sex-role identification plays a significant role in both individual and group differences in SEI.