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Muscle Injury: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
João Paulo Cortez SantAnna1, André Pedrinelli1,2, Arnaldo José Hernandez1,2
1Grupo de Medicina do Esporte, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Revista Brasileira De Ortopedia
|February 24, 2022
Summary
Skeletal muscle injuries, ranging from mild to severe, are diagnosed using imaging like MRI. Treatment involves rest, cryotherapy, NSAIDs, and physical therapy, with surgery reserved for specific severe cases.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Physiology
Background:
- Skeletal muscle constitutes 45% of human body mass.
- Muscle injuries result from bruising, stretching, or laceration.
- Injuries are classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on symptoms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of skeletal muscle injuries.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of current medical practices for muscle injuries.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis confirmed via ultrasound (dynamic, cost-effective) and MRI (detailed anatomy).
- Initial treatment includes protection, rest, optimal limb use, and cryotherapy.
- Clinical treatment involves NSAIDs, ultrasound therapy, and progressive exercises.
Main Results:
- Grade I: Edema, discomfort. Grade II: Loss of function, gaps, ecchymosis. Grade III: Complete rupture, severe pain, hematoma.
- Ultrasound offers dynamic assessment; MRI provides superior anatomical detail.
- Conservative treatment is effective for most injuries; surgery is indicated for specific complications.
Conclusions:
- Skeletal muscle injuries require accurate classification and diagnosis for effective management.
- A multi-modal treatment approach, combining conservative and surgical methods, optimizes recovery.
- Understanding injury grading guides timely and appropriate therapeutic interventions.
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