Unicystic Ameloblastoma Mimicking Lateral Periodontal Cyst

Intraosseous unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is a rare subtype of a true neoplasm of odontogenic epithelial origin: ameloblastoma. Despite its rareness, dealing with UA is problematic. It is usually mistaken for an odontogenic cyst, and biopsy is rarely relevant because of its multiple growth patterns. The biggest challenge remains the treatment choice. When we are faced with a mural UA presenting strong similarities with a lateral periodontal cyst and having high rates of recurrence, how is the balance found between the young age, psychological fragility, postoperative process, and need for diagnostic biopsy? That was our dilemma. Our patient is a 23-year-old man with a mural unicystic ameloblastoma, diagnosed with general anxiety disorder. The final decision was to turn to a simple enucleation because of the small size of the lesion, and its radiological features strongly evoked a lateral periodontal cyst. Besides, his young age, psychological condition, and UA's proximity to the surrounding soft tissues guided us toward simple enucleation. Two years later, no sign of radiological recurrence was noted. However, we are aware of a later possibility of resection in case of recurrence.