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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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GABAergic System Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Haisheng Zhao1, Xijing Mao1, Cuilin Zhu1

  • 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|February 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves social and behavioral challenges linked to abnormal brain signaling. This review highlights how disruptions in Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission contribute to the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance seen in ASD.

Keywords:
GABAautism spectrum disordersexcitatory/inhibitory balanceinhibitory neurotransmissionneurodevelopmental disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), crucial for neurodevelopment.
  • Genetic variations in the GABA system suggest an abnormal excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission ratio in ASD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking GABAergic synaptic dysregulation to ASD.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying GABA's role in ASD.
  • To explore the pathophysiological role of synaptic dysregulation in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of postmortem brain tissue data.
  • Examination of genetic and pharmacological studies.
  • Investigation using transgenic rodent models.

Main Results:

  • Evidence points to GABAergic synaptic dysregulation as a significant factor in ASD.
  • An imbalance in the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission ratio is implicated in ASD.
  • Structural and functional synaptic abnormalities are associated with ASD pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • GABAergic system dysfunction contributes to the E/I imbalance in ASD.
  • Understanding synaptic dysregulation offers insights into ASD mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of GABA in ASD.