A pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) protocol for developing an adaptive coaching...

Area of Science:

• Sports Nutrition
• Exercise Physiology
• Digital Health Interventions

Background:

• Manipulating carbohydrate availability enhances training adaptations.
• Athletes struggle to adhere to carbohydrate periodization guidelines.
• Digital platforms offer scalable delivery of nutrition interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the feasibility of a novel mobile application and coaching strategy for carbohydrate periodization.
• To evaluate athlete engagement, retention, and success with digital interventions.
• To explore the impact of digital carbohydrate periodization on athlete self-efficacy and beliefs.

Main Methods:

• A 6-week feasibility study with 500 athletes using a menu planner app and coaching.
• A 4-week pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) with 150 athletes.
• Control group of 250 athletes with existing nutritionist support.
• Primary outcomes: app/coach uptake, retention, engagement, behavior change.
• Secondary outcomes: changes in goals, weight, self-efficacy, beliefs.

Main Results:

• The study aims to recruit 900 athletes across the UK.
• Primary outcomes focus on user engagement and adherence to carbohydrate periodization.
• Secondary outcomes measure physiological and psychological changes.

Conclusions:

• This research pioneers a digital strategy for carbohydrate periodization in athletes.
• Results will provide foundational evidence on the feasibility of digital sports nutrition interventions.