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Cancer Prevention Strategies for Nepal

Deepak Sundar Shrestha1, Richard R Love2, Bishnu Dutta Paudel3

  • 1Richa Bajimaya Memorial Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal.

JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association
|February 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Cancer in Nepal is linked to seven key exposures: tobacco, solid fuel burning, betel nut, alcohol, Human Papilloma Virus, Helicobacter pylori, and Hepatitis B virus. Targeted public health strategies are crucial for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Lung, cervix, stomach, breast, head and neck, gallbladder, ovary, and liver cancers are prevalent in Nepal.
  • Seven major cancer-causative exposures identified: tobacco, solid fuel burning, betel nut, alcohol, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Helicobacter pylori, and Hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and highlight key cancer-causing exposures in Nepal.
  • To propose targeted strategies for reducing cancer incidence through addressing modifiable risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common malignancies and causes of cancer death in Nepal.
  • Analysis of prevalent cancer-causative exposures and their associated risks.

Main Results:

  • Tobacco smoking (29% men, 6% women), solid fuel burning (69% homes), betel-nut chewing (40% men, 3% women), alcohol abuse, HPV, H. pylori, and HBV are significant risk factors.
  • These exposures contribute to major cancers including lung, cervical, stomach, head and neck, liver, and gallbladder cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Public health messaging on tobacco, solid fuel, betel nut, and alcohol is essential.
  • National policies for HBV vaccination and further research on HPV and H. pylori are recommended.
  • Targeted strategies focusing on these reducible exposures can significantly impact cancer control in Nepal.
Keywords:
alcohol drinking; betel nut; helicobacter pylori; human papilloma virus; tobacco smoking.

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