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The Yentl Syndrome: A Case Report

Barkadin Khan1, Anjan Kumar Basnet2

  • 1Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.

JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association
|February 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Ischemic heart disease is often underdiagnosed in women, a phenomenon known as Yentl syndrome. This case highlights the need for thorough evaluation of chest pain in females, even with atypical symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is frequently misperceived as a male-predominant condition.
  • Yentl syndrome describes the underdiagnosis and delayed treatment of IHD in women.

Observation:

  • A 48-year-old female presented with atypical epigastric discomfort, initially discharged after normal diagnostic tests.
  • She returned four days later with chest pain, again with unremarkable initial evaluations.
  • The patient was admitted, and after 40 hours, anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed.

Findings:

  • Delayed diagnosis of myocardial infarction in women can occur due to atypical presentations.
  • Initial diagnostic workups may not immediately detect acute coronary syndromes in female patients.
  • ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was confirmed, necessitating emergent reperfusion therapy.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical need for heightened clinical suspicion and comprehensive assessment of chest pain in women.
  • Recognizing Yentl syndrome is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention in female cardiovascular disease.
  • Healthcare providers should consider atypical symptoms and potential diagnostic delays in women presenting with cardiac complaints.

Keywords:
cardiovascular disease; case report; women.

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