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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers: Does Gelling Agent Really Matter?

Ivana d'Angelo1, Romina Provenzano2, Ettore Florio3

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Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Carbopol is a superior gelling agent for alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs), enhancing antimicrobial activity and user experience compared to cellulose-based alternatives like HPMC and HEC.

Keywords:
COVID-19alcohol-based hand sanitizersthickener agents

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Hand hygiene is crucial for preventing Coronavirus (COVID-19) spread.
  • High demand for hand sanitizers necessitates understanding excipient effects on efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how gelling agents (carbopol, HPMC, HEC) and their concentrations impact alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) properties and antimicrobial activity.
  • To determine the optimal gelling agent for effective ABHS formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Prepared ABHS formulations using carbopol, HPMC, and HEC at varying concentrations.
  • Evaluated physical properties: viscosity, spreadability, delivery, evaporation, rubbing time, and hand distribution.
  • Assessed in vitro biocidal activity against bacterial strains.

Main Results:

  • All tested ABHS formulations were bioactive and comfortable for users.
  • Cellulose-based polymers (HPMC, HEC) showed reduced biocidal activity compared to carbopol due to interactions with ethanol.
  • Carbopol formulations demonstrated superior antimicrobial efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Gelling agent properties significantly influence ABHS effectiveness.
  • Carbopol is recommended as a preferred thickener for ABHS formulations due to its favorable impact on antimicrobial activity.