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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Transient Anomalous Diffusion MRI Measurement Discriminates Porous Polymeric Matrices Characterized by Different

Marco Palombo^1,2, Andrea Barbetta³, Cesare Cametti⁴

¹Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 24, 2022

Summary

Anomalous diffusion NMR quantifies submicroscopic fractal dimensions in porous materials. This non-invasive technique correlates water diffusion with surface area and roughness, offering insights into complex material structures.

Keywords:

anomalous diffusion dielectric spectroscopy diffusion NMR fractal dimension porosity porous polymeric matrices sub-diffusion

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Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Physical Chemistry
Biophysics

Background:

Developing sub-micro-scale sensitive tools is crucial for characterizing new nanostructured materials and gels.
Diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides unique insights into material and tissue structural features by measuring water diffusion displacement.
Anomalous diffusion NMR protocols offer a non-destructive and non-invasive method to probe sub-microstructured porous systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply anomalous diffusion NMR protocols to quantify water subdiffusion.
To measure the fractal dimension (d_w) of micro- and sub-micro-geometrical structures non-invasively.
To investigate the sensitivity of anomalous diffusion NMR to surface properties of heterogeneous porous matrices.

Main Methods:

Utilized anomalous diffusion NMR protocols on three heterogeneous porous-polymeric matrices (glycidylmethacrylate-divynilbenzene).
Characterized pore sizes (2-10 microm) and interconnecting window holes (0.5-2 microm) using High Internal Phase Emulsion technique.
Employed Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and dielectric spectroscopy for corroboration.

Main Results:

The anomalous diffusion parameter (α) and fractal dimension (d_w = 2/α) correlated with the specific surface area and surface roughness of the porous matrices.
Demonstrated submicroscopic sensitivity of the anomalous diffusion NMR method.
NMR results were corroborated by FE-SEM and dielectric spectroscopy.

Conclusions:

Anomalous diffusion NMR is a viable experimental tool for validating theoretical and simulation results for complex systems.
This non-invasive technique can characterize heterogeneous nanostructured materials and gels for applications in cultural heritage and tissue engineering.